Transaction Search Form: please type in any of the fields below.
Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 10:41 pm
Time: 10:41 pm
Results for habitual offenders
8 results foundAuthor: Smith, Veronica M. Title: Persistent Offender Project: Pilot Project Evaluation, November 2006 - March 2008 Summary: The overarching aim of the project was to establish joint partnership working to improve health and social well being for offenders with drug and alcohol problems and their communities. The Persistent Offender Project sought to achieve this based on partnership working between Strathclyde Police and Glasgow Addiction Services (GAS) who were jointly responsible for the operational and strategic management of this innovative service. This pilot project has provided a forum for evaluation on the capacity and achievability of such a service and, included in the evaluation, there are specific objectives that allow the impact of this project to be measured. The key objectives of the service were initially identified as: 1) Reducing drug / alcohol offending; 2) Reducing anti-social behaviour; 3) Promoting community safety and well-being; 4) Reducing drug related deaths; 5)Reducing the fear of crime; and 6) Promoting training and employment opportunities and encourage offenders to become involved in work initiatives. Beyond this, a further aim of the project was to contribute towards a healthy and a safe Glasgow at ground level in local communities. This was specifically directed at the day-to-day lives of the most persistent offenders within the Glasgow city area (areas included in the SIMD 2006 as being the 15% most deprived localities). These are individuals whose crimes are committed in order to sustain their dependency on alcohol and / or drugs. Details: Glasgow: Glasgow Addition Services, 2008. 74p. Source: Internet Resource Year: 2008 Country: United Kingdom URL: Shelf Number: 119441 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseDrug TretmentHabitual OffendersPersistent Offenders (Glasgow) |
Author: Faisandier, Sally Title: Informing the Development of the Priority Offenders Initiative in New Zealand: A Synthesis of Relevant Literature Summary: As a crime reduction strategy the Priority Offenders Initative in New Zealand aims to address the root causes of offending for an identified group of offenders (referred to as priority offenders) who are particularly persistent and/or prolific in the nature of their offending. The initiative is still at an early stage of development. This report presents a summary of the literature from England and Wales about crime reduction strategies with priority offenders. New Zealand literature is used to describe the co-ordinated case management approach that is proposed for the New Zealand Priority Offenders Initiative. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Ministry of Justice, 2008. 52p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 1, 2011 at: http://www.justice.org.nz/policy/crime-prevention/documents/priority-offenders/POI%20lit%20synthesis.pdf Year: 2008 Country: International URL: http://www.justice.org.nz/policy/crime-prevention/documents/priority-offenders/POI%20lit%20synthesis.pdf Shelf Number: 120631 Keywords: Crime PreventionHabitual OffendersPersistent OffendersRehabilitation |
Author: Harvard Law School. Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice Title: Three Strikes: The Wrong Way to Justice. A Report on Massachusetts' Proposed Habitual Offender Legislation Summary: This report provides critical information to the public and to Massachusetts state legislators about the likely long-term impact of the proposed changes to Massachusetts’ Habitual Offender Law (S 2080 AND H 3818). These changes are currently being debated in the Legislature’s Conference Committee. At a time when many states are moving to repeal or amend their “three strikes” laws in order to take a more balanced approach to public safety, Massachusetts has inexplicably chosen to move in the “wrong direction.” The report offers a detailed analysis of the most problematic provisions of the bills that are almost certain to cost taxpayers far more than originally estimated, increase the likelihood of unnecessarily lengthy prison sentences for low-level offenders, further burden an already severely overcrowded prison system—putting employees and prisoners at risk—and divert precious state resources away from education, basic services, infrastructure improvement, and job creation. The legislation will almost certainly further exacerbate the stark racial disparities that characterize the state’s prison population. There is still time for the Commonwealth to take a different approach to public safety. Justice Reinvestment is a project of the Council of State Governments’ Justice Center. It can offer Massachusetts a consensus-building, data-driven process for reducing the state’s prison population without sacrificing public safety. This approach has been effectively employed in seventeen other states, including many of our New England neighbors. Details: Cambridge, MA: Harvard Law School, Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice, 2012. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 8, 2012 at: http://charleshamiltonhouston.org/assets/documents/publications/CHHIRJ%203%20Strikes%20Report-Merged.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://charleshamiltonhouston.org/assets/documents/publications/CHHIRJ%203%20Strikes%20Report-Merged.pdf Shelf Number: 125905 Keywords: Habitual OffendersPunishmentSentencingThree Strikes Laws |
Author: Giles, Christopher M.H. Title: The Criminal Careers of Chronic Offences in Vancouver, British Columbia Summary: Typically, research on "chronic offenders" employs a cohort design with general population or higher risk samples. These designs tend to include a small number of high frequency offenders. This dissertation examines the conviction histories of 152 pre-identified high frequency offenders who are supervised by the Chronic Offenders Program (COP) at the Vancouver Police Department in Vancouver, British Columbia. The lifetime conviction histories and other background variables of the 152 offenders were coded from official police data repositories to examine the parameters from the criminal career paradigm. The results indicate that the COP offenders participate in many types of less serious and serious crime. They have long average criminal careers with an average of 47 total convictions accrued in their lifetimes. Moreover, the age of onset of the COP sample is in the late teens and early adulthood and they typically start offending with a property crime. The analysis of age-crime curves of the COP offenders indicates that their offending increases significantly after the typical drop in the mid to late twenties. The analysis of three lambda estimates shows that the COP offenders have high yearly conviction rates. Moreover, the inclusion of incapacitation time in the estimate of lambda has important ramifications for both the lambda score and the distribution of scores. The analysis of lambda over time shows that it is not constant over time. The multivariate models predicting lifetime lambda scores indicate that lambda estimates for total convictions are positively influenced by ethnicity and residential instability. In contrast, the models predicting serious conviction lambdas show that ethnicity is positively related, while age of onset and gender are inversely related to these estimates of lambda. The analysis of specialization, using the diversity index, shows that COP offenders as a group are not specialized over the life course. However, an analysis of diversity over time indicates that COP offenders become less versatile as they age. Tobit regressions predicting lifetime diversity scores indicate that females are more specialized than males and that age of onset is positively related to specialization. The significance of the results to research and DLC theory is discussed. Details: Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University, School of Criminology, 2011. 256p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed April 22, 2014 at: http://summit.sfu.ca/item/12071 Year: 2011 Country: Canada URL: http://summit.sfu.ca/item/12071 Shelf Number: 132111 Keywords: Career CriminalsChronic OffendersHabitual Offenders |
Author: Kopp, Phillip Title: Is Burglary A Violent Crime? An Empirical Investigation Of Classifying Burglary As A Violent Felony And Its Statutory Implications Summary: Under the common law, burglary is defined as a crime committed against the property of another, and is listed as a property offense for purposes of statistical description by the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). However, burglary is prosecuted and sentenced as a violent crime under habitual offender laws at the federal level, and can be regarded as violent in state law, depending on varied circumstances. Using a mixed methods approach, the current study compared state and federal burglary and habitual offender statutes to an empirical description of the offense. First, a comprehensive content analysis of the provisions of state burglary and habitual offender statutes showed that burglary is often treated as a violent crime, instead of prosecuting and punishing it as a property crime and then separately charging and punishing any violent acts that occasionally co-occur with it. Second, using data from the period 1998-2007 from the NCVS and the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS), results showed that in contrast to its statutory classification, burglary is overwhelmingly a non-violent offense. The reported incidence of actual violence or threats of violence during a burglary ranged from a low of 0.9% in rural and suburban areas, to a high of 7.6% in highly urban areas. Additionally, a victim was present during only 26% of all burglaries. These findings led the present study to recommend reform for state and federal burglary and habitual offender statutes to comport with the empirical description of the burglary characteristics provided. Furthermore, it is suggested that federal law should be amended to remove non-violent burglaries as a violent felony under habitual offender statutes, and instead, that burglary should be prosecuted and punished at a level equal with other non-violent property crimes, unless actual violence occurred during the offense. Details: New York: City University of New York, Graduate Center, 2014. 119p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed January 31, 2015 at: http://works.gc.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1322&context=etd Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://works.gc.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1322&context=etd Shelf Number: 134507 Keywords: Burglary (U.S.) Habitual OffendersProperty Crimes Violent Crimes |
Author: Tilley, Nick Title: Analyzing and Responding to Repeat Offending Summary: A wide range of research converges on the following findings about criminal offenders: Some level of participation in criminal activity is normal, especially during adolescence and among males. Almost all citizens act dishonestly, commit crimes, and behave in antisocial ways at some point in their lives. Most will have committed more than one crime. Most people offend infrequently and soon age out of committing crime. Involvement in criminal behavior peaks in adolescence (ages 1417) and then generally fades rapidly. A much smaller number of persistent and prolific offenders are responsible for a substantial proportion of all crime. Roughly half the crimes committed can be attributed to those identified as prolific offenders. Males commit far more offenses than females do, but even among female offenders, a small percentage commits a hugely disproportionate number of the offenses. That a small fraction of offenders commits a large fraction of crime may come as no surprise to most police officers. The breadth of low-levels of offending and the proportion of crime attributable to those involved in it may not be so widely understood. There are two general theories of repeat offending patterns. One theory is that some people are highly disposed to behave criminally, and this leads them to sustained criminal careers in which they offend frequently. These "lifetime persistent" offenders begin offending early and have long crime careers. They are distinguished from "adolescent limited" offenders, who start later and finish earlier, as the name suggests. Another theory suggests that one criminal act begets another. That is, involvement in one crime increases the probability of further offending. For example, someone convicted of a crime finds it more difficult to resume a law-abiding life, either because they have fewer job opportunities or because they are shunned by normally law-abiding members of the community. Therefore, they persist in criminal behavior and associate with others who are in a similar position. It might also be that the rewards of successfully committing crime reinforce the criminal behavior and make persistent offending more likely. A wide range of research converges on the following findings about criminal offenders: Some level of participation in criminal activity is normal, especially during adolescence and among males. Almost all citizens act dishonestly, commit crimes, and behave in antisocial ways at some point in their lives. Most will have committed more than one crime. Most people offend infrequently and soon age out of committing crime. Involvement in criminal behavior peaks in adolescence (ages 14-17) and then generally fades rapidly. A much smaller number of persistent and prolific offenders are responsible for a substantial proportion of all crime. Roughly half the crimes committed can be attributed to those identified as prolific offenders. Males commit far more offenses than females do, but even among female offenders, a small percentage commits a hugely disproportionate number of the offenses. That a small fraction of offenders commits a large fraction of crime may come as no surprise to most police officers. The breadth of low-levels of offending and the proportion of crime attributable to those involved in it may not be so widely understood. There are two general theories of repeat offending patterns. One theory is that some people are highly disposed to behave criminally, and this leads them to sustained criminal careers in which they offend frequently. These "lifetime persistent" offenders begin offending early and have long crime careers. They are distinguished from "adolescent limited" offenders, who start later and finish earlier, as the name suggests. Another theory suggests that one criminal act begets another. That is, involvement in one crime increases the probability of further offending. For example, someone convicted of a crime finds it more difficult to resume a law-abiding life, either because they have fewer job opportunities or because they are shunned by normally law-abiding members of the community. Therefore, they persist in criminal behavior and associate with others who are in a similar position. It might also be that the rewards of successfully committing crime reinforce the criminal behavior and make persistent offending more likely. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2016. 60p. Source: Internet Resource:Problem-Solving Tools Series Problem-Oriented Guides for Police: Accessed August 1, 2016 at: http://www.popcenter.org/tools/PDFs/Analyzing_Responding_Repeat_Offending.pdf Year: 2016 Country: International URL: http://www.popcenter.org/tools/PDFs/Analyzing_Responding_Repeat_Offending.pdf Shelf Number: 139923 Keywords: Habitual OffendersProblem-Oriented PolicingProlific OffendersRepeat OffendersRepeat Offending |
Author: Karcher, Michael J. Title: An Evaluation of Advocacy-Based Mentoring as a Treatment Intervention for Chronic Delinquency Summary: The primary goal of the proposed research project was to provide estimates of the effectiveness of youth advocacy in general, and more specifically as delivered through the Youth Advocate Programs, Inc. (YAP). YAP is a national nonprofit organization active in twenty states that provides a treatment intervention for reducing serious and chronic delinquency for court-referred youth. This study examined processes and outcomes in the YAP program in four cities to inform juvenile justice policy and practice regarding the possible benefits of advocacy-based interventions for this population. This grant focused on evaluating four Youth Advocate Programs, Inc. (YAP) in separate regions of the country in order to increase variability in model delivery and youth participants. The research design was based on information collected about YAP services from prior research and focused both on identifying key mentoring and advocacy processes that may interrupt chronic delinquency and measuring proximal and distal outcomes related to crime and prosocial behavior of participation in youth mentoring with paid mentors who prioritized advocacy as one element of mentoring. Project Goals to achieve these objectives were two-fold: (1) Estimate the degree to which intended program objectives were realized (i.e., program impact and effectiveness) through attempts to quantify the association between participation in the YAP program and changes in youth delinquency and on related outcomes using a rigorous quasi-experimental research; and (2) identify ways in which advocacy and specific types of mentoring interactions contribute to youth outcomes through program participation. The overall goal of this study was, therefore, to better understand the viability of advocacy as an intervention for youth at high risk for future criminal activity, to identify critical practices that may be relevant to YAP and other programs using individualized treatment approaches to reduce delinquency and recidivism through advocacy efforts, and to learn more about which interpersonal interactions and participant characteristics are most influential in successful advocacy efforts. Two adaptations to the originally proposed methods and design of the project were necessitated by factors and events beyond the control of the report authors. A formative evaluation of each program’s fidelity of implementation was omitted from the final report because the data on which initial findings were to be based were not available once unforeseeable changes in project staffing occurred. Second, initially the quasiexperimental method for detecting effects associated with program participation was propensity score analyses. Data collected by a consultant on the project, however, were unsuitable for propensity score analyses. Therefore, this report does not include results related to implementation fidelity or propensity score analyses of causal effects. In short, the data was insufficient to cross check findings or reach reliable conclusions. However, another quasi-experimental design was used to estimate program causal effects, thereby allowing Study 1 to address the question about program impact. Study 2 uses program activities and participant characteristics to try to explain the changes reported in Study 1. Details: Final report to the U.S. Department of Justice, 2016. 139p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 3, 2017 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/250454.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/250454.pdf Shelf Number: 145890 Keywords: Chronic DelinquencyHabitual OffendersJuvenile DelinquentsJuvenile OffendersMentoring ProgramsSerious Juvenile OffendersYouth Mentoring |
Author: King, Ryan S. Title: Aging Behind Bars: "Three Strikes" Seven Years Later Summary: Amidst a perceived escalating crime rate and in the wake of the highly publicized murders of two young girls, in March of 1994 Governor Pete Wilson signed into law California's "Three Strikes and You're Out" legislation. The law, as asserted by its staunchest supporters, was designed to isolate and punish the most serious, habitual offenders. By doing so, proponents suggested that resources targeted at the apprehension and conviction of only the most consistent repeat offenders would reap exponential benefits in crime control. As of May 31, 2001, more than 50,000 offenders had been admitted to prison under the law - 6,721 for "three strikes" offenses and an additional 43,800 under the law's "second strike" provision. This analysis focuses on the impact of the "three strikes" law in California because that state stands alone in the breadth of its policy. Nationally half the states have passed some form of "three strikes" legislation, but only a handful have convicted more than a hundred individuals using the statute. As of mid-1998, only California (40,511), Georgia (942), South Carolina (825), Nevada (304), Washington (121) and Florida (116) had been using the "three strikes" legislation to any significant extent. In this analysis, we find that the "three strikes" legislation is already having a significant impact upon the demographics of the California prison population. Recent reports of a stabilization in the California prison population have led "three strikes" proponents to assert that the forecasts of prison overcrowding attributable to the severe nature of the sentences have been greatly overestimated. However, our analysis of California prison data shows that the impact of "three strikes" may be far more subtle than can be seen simply looking at aggregate population numbers. In fact, "three strikes" has contributed to a rapid aging of the California prison system in just the seven-year period since it was instituted. This has exposed the inherent flaws in a law that funnels a growing share of resources to an aging population whose crime production was already on the decline. Our twenty-five year projections show that by 2026, an estimated 30,000 "three-strikes" prisoners will be serving sentences of twenty-five years to life. This aging population will place an extraordinary burden upon the resources of the California penal system, particularly given the increased expense of housing older inmates. Details: Washington, DC: Sentencing Project, 2001. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 28, 2018 at: https://www.prisonpolicy.org/scans/sp/inc_aging.pdf Year: 2001 Country: United States URL: https://www.prisonpolicy.org/scans/sp/inc_aging.pdf Shelf Number: 151731 Keywords: Aged Offenders Elderly Inmates Habitual OffendersThree Strikes Laws |